We have compiled some links to external resources about the industry's standards, as well as health impacts of natatorium air quality problems. Trichloramine, trihalomethane, and other disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have shown to case various health concerns with people. These are several of the studies done. Sources listed here are deemed credible by virtue of their publishers: Government agencies like the CDC, EPA, and NIH, as well as many universities and science journals.
Every pool is different, but these byproducts are an issue worldwide.
As mentioned many times on our website, the challenge is communication between design teams, facility owners and operators. If everyone prioritizes indoor air quality, and designs the natatorium properly, these issues can be prevented.
If you have chloramine problems in an existing facility, or you are building a new natatorium, please contact us.
Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments - World Health Organization (WHO)
ASHRAE §62.1 - Indoor Air Quality - ASHRAE
Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Monitor Trichloramine in Indoor Pool Air - ACS
Chloramines and Pool Operation - CDC
Healthy Water: Model Aquatic Health Code Annex - CDC
Dynamics of gas-phase trichloramine (NCl3) in chlorinated, indoor swimming pool facilities - Purdue University
Effects of UV-based treatment on water and air chemistry in chlorinated indoor pools - Purdue University
21st Century Pool Design Guide - Desert Aire
Indoor Pool Design Guide - Seresco Dehumidifiers
Disinfection Byproducts, Standards and Health Effects - CMAHC, CDC
ASHRAE 62.1: The IAQ Procedure and LEED - EPA
The Air Quality Issue (2013) - USA Swimming
Exposure to Trichloramine and Respiratory Symptoms in Indoor Swimming Pool Workers - European Respiratory Journal
Occupational Asthma caused by chloramines in indoor swimming pool air - European Respiratory Journal
Exposure to Chloroform in Persons Frequenting an Indoor Swimming Pool - NCBI, NIH
Chloramines: Understanding the Pool Smell - American Chemistry Council
Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study - NIH
Nitrogen Trichloride Haz-Map Facts - NIH
Health risk as a consequence of exposure to trihalomethanes in swimming pool water - NCBI, NIH
Trihalomethane formation during swimming pool water disinfection using hypobromous and hypochlorous acids - ScienceDirect, DOI
Pathways of trihalomethane uptake in swimming pools - NCBI, NIH
Occurrence and simulation of trihalomethanes in swimming pool water: A simple prediction method based on DOC and mass balance - ScienceDirect, DOI
Concentrations of disinfection by-products in swimming pool following modifications of the water treatment process: An exploratory study - ScienceDirect, DOI
Occupational Exposure to Trichloramine and Trihalomethanes in Swedish Indoor Swimming Pools: Evaluation of Personal and Stationary Monitoring - Oxford University
"Lifeguard lung": endemic granulomatous pneumonitis in an indoor swimming pool. - NCBI, NIH
High rates of respiratory problems linked to indoor lifeguard work - Reuters
Health effects associated with indoor swimming pools: A suspected toxic chloramine exposure - ScienceDirect, DOI
Volatile disinfection by-product analysis from chlorinated indoor swimming pools - Purdue University, ScienceDirect
Swimming Pools and Asthma - Michigan State University